Kullum cututtukan kashi da haɗin gwiwa: Masana kimiyya sunyi bayani

Kullum cututtukan kashi da haɗin gwiwa: Masana kimiyya sunyi bayani
kashi
Avatar na Juergen T Steinmetz

Masana kimiyya sunyi bayanin rawar da wani furotin yakeyi a cikin kwayar halittar dake da mahimmanci ga gyaran kashi

Cutar cututtukan ƙasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa, irin su osteoporosis da rheumatoid arthritis, suna shafar miliyoyin mutane a duniya, musamman tsofaffi, suna ƙasƙantar da ingancin rayuwarsu. Abu mai mahimmanci a cikin waɗannan cututtukan duka shine yawan aiki na ƙwayoyin narkewar kashi da ake kira osteoclasts. Osteoclasts ana samar dasu ne ta hanyar banbanci daga wani nau'in kwayar garkuwar jiki da ake kira macrophage, bayan haka kuma sai suka sami sabon aikinsu wajen kula da kasusuwa da gabobi: karyewar kasusuwan kasusuwa don bada damar osteoblasts-wani nau'in kwayar halitta-don gyara da kuma gyara tsarin kwarangwal .

Gabaɗaya, hanyoyin intracellular guda biyu suna da hannu a cikin wannan bambancin: na farko, kwafin rubutu - wanda aka kirkiro RNA manzo (mRNA) daga bayanin kwayar halitta a cikin DNA - sannan kuma, fassarawa-inda aka keɓance bayanan da ke cikin mRNA don samar da sunadarai waɗanda yi takamaiman ayyuka a cikin kwayar halitta. Tun lokacin da aka gano rawar wani furotin da ake kira RANKL a cikin samuwar osteoclast, masana kimiyya sun warware wani kaso mai tsoka na abin wuyar ganewa wanda hanyoyin siginar salula da hanyoyin sadarwa suke tsara tsarawar osteoclast. Duk da haka, bayanan bayanan salula da ke tattare da bayanan ya kasance a fahimta.

Yanzu, a cikin wani sabon binciken da aka buga a cikin Biochemical da Biophysical Research Communications, masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Tokyo, Japan, sun bayyana rawar da wani furotin da ake kira Cpeb4 yake yi a cikin wannan rikitaccen tsari. Cpeb4 wani ɓangare ne na "cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB)" na dangin sunadarai, wanda ke ɗaure ga RNA da kuma daidaita kunna fassarar da danniya, da kuma hanyoyin "madadin rarrabewa" waɗanda ke samar da nau'ikan furotin. Dokta Tadayoshi Hayata, wanda ya jagoranci binciken, ya yi bayanin cewa: “Sunadaran CPEB suna da hannu a cikin wasu hanyoyin nazarin halittu da cututtuka, kamar su Autism, Cancer, da kuma jan jini. Koyaya, ayyukansu a cikin bambance-bambancen osteoclast ba a san su a sarari ba. Sabili da haka, mun gudanar da jerin gwaje-gwajen don bayyanar da furotin daga wannan dangin, Cpeb4, ta hanyar amfani da al'adun kwayar halitta na macrophages. "

A cikin gwaje-gwajen al'adun kwayoyi daban-daban da aka gudanar, an kunna macrophages na linzami tare da RANKL don haifar da bambance-bambance na osteoclast kuma ana kula da cigaban al'adun. Na farko, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa bayyanar kwayar Cpeb4, kuma saboda haka adadin furotin na Cpeb4, ya karu yayin bambance-bambancen osteoclast. Bayan haka, ta hanyar microscopy na immunofluorescence, sun hango canje-canje a cikin wurin Cpeb4 a cikin sel. Sun gano cewa Cpeb4 yana motsawa daga cytoplasm zuwa tsakiya, yayin gabatar da takamaiman siffofi (osteoclasts sukan haɗu tare kuma suna samar da ƙwayoyin halitta tare da mahaɗa masu yawa). Wannan yana nuna cewa mai yiwuwa aikin Cpeb4 hade da bambancin osteoclast ana aiwatar dashi a cikin mahaifa.

Don fahimtar yadda tasirin RANKL ke haifar da wannan sakewar Cpeb4, masana kimiyya sun zabi “hana” ko kuma danne wasu sunadaran da suka shiga cikin “kwari” a cikin hanyoyin sigina na intracellular wanda motsawar ta haifar. Sun gano hanyoyi guda biyu kamar yadda ya zama dole don aikin. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwajen don cikakken sani game da jerin abubuwan da ke faruwa da dukkanin sunadaran da ke ciki.

A karshe, Dr Hayata da tawagarsa sun nuna cewa Cpeb4 yana da matukar mahimmanci don samar da osteoclast ta hanyar amfani da al'adun macrophage wanda Cpeb4 ya ragu sosai. Kwayoyin da ke cikin wadannan al'adun basu sha bamban ba don zama osteoclasts.

A haɗuwa, sakamakon shine matakan hawa don fahimtar hanyoyin salula waɗanda ke cikin haɓakar osteoclast. Dokta Hayata ya ce: "Nazarinmu ya ba da haske game da mahimmin rawar da furotin da ke ɗaura RNA Cpeb4 a matsayin mai tasiri" mai tasiri "na bambancin osteoclast. Wannan ya bamu kyakkyawar fahimtar yanayin cututtukan ƙasusuwa da cututtukan haɗin gwiwa kuma yana iya taimakawa ga ci gaban dabarun warkewa don manyan cututtuka kamar osteoporosis da rheumatoid arthritis. ” Da fatan, zurfin zurfin fahimtar ƙarni na osteoclast wanda wannan binciken ya inganta zai ƙarshe fassara zuwa ingantaccen rayuwa don mutanen da ke rayuwa tare da ciwo mai ƙashi da haɗin gwiwa.

Game da Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Tokyo
Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Tokyo (TUS) sananniyar jami'a ce mai girmamawa, kuma babbar jami'ar bincike-kimiyya mai zaman kanta a Japan, tare da cibiyoyi guda huɗu a tsakiyar Tokyo da kewayenta da kuma Hokkaido. An kafa shi a cikin 1881, jami'ar ta ci gaba da ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Japan a cikin kimiyyar ta hanyar cusa kaunar kimiyya ga masu bincike, masu fasaha, da malamai.
Tare da manufa na "scienceirƙirar kimiyya da fasaha don jituwa ta ci gaba na yanayi, mutane, da zamantakewar al'umma", TUS ta gudanar da bincike mai yawa daga asali zuwa kimiyya mai amfani. TUS ta rungumi tsarin bincike na fannoni da yawa kuma sun gudanar da cikakken bincike a cikin wasu mahimman fannoni na yau. TUS shine cancantar mulkin inda mafi kyawun ilimin kimiyya an san shi kuma ana haɓaka shi. Ita kadai ce jami'a mai zaman kanta a Japan wacce ta samar da lambar yabo ta Nobel kuma ita kaɗai ce jami'a mai zaman kanta a Asiya don samar da kyautar Nobel a cikin ilimin kimiyyar ƙasa.

Game da Mataimakin Farfesa Tadayoshi Hayata daga Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Tokyo
Tun daga 2018, Dokta Tadayoshi Hayata ya kasance Mataimakin Farfesa da Babban Jami'in Bincike a Sashen Magungunan Magungunan Molecular, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, a Jami'ar Kimiyya ta Tokyo. Gidan bincikensa yana mai da hankali ne kan yaduwar kasusuwa, bambancin salon salula, kimiyyar kimiyyar kwayoyin, da ire-iren wadannan fannoni don fahimtar yanayin cututtukan kashi da hadin gwiwa da neman maganin warkewa. Dr Hayata yana da alaƙa da Japaneseungiyoyin Japan da yawa da andungiyar (asar Amirka don Binciken Kashi da Ma'adanai. Ya wallafa labarai na asali sama da 50 kuma ya ba da gabatarwa sama da 150 a taron ilimi. Bugu da kari, binciken da ya yi game da sanyin kashi ya sanya shi ga jaridun Japan sau da yawa.

Bayar da bayanai
Wannan binciken ya sami goyon bayan JSPS KAKENHI [lambar kyauta 18K09053]; Nanken-Kyoten, TMDU (2019); gidauniyar Nakatomi; Tallafin Bincike na Astellas; Gudummawar Ilimin Ilimin Pfizer; Daiichi-Sankyo Gudummawar Ilimi; Gudummawar Ilimin Ilimin Teijin Pharma; Eli Lilly Japan Taimakawa ga Ilimi; Gudummawar Ilimin Kimiyya na Otsuka; Gudummawar Ilimin Shionogi; Gudummawar Ilimin Kimiyya na Chugai.

Game da marubucin

Avatar na Juergen T Steinmetz

Juergen T Steinmetz

Juergen Thomas Steinmetz ya ci gaba da aiki a masana'antar tafiye-tafiye da yawon buɗe ido tun yana saurayi a Jamus (1977).
Ya kafa eTurboNews a cikin 1999 azaman wasiƙar farko ta yanar gizo don masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta duniya.

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