Sabon Rahoton: Rarraba Farkon Alzheimer daga tsufa na al'ada

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Written by Linda Hohnholz

Ƙungiyar Alzheimer ta 2022 Facts da Figures na Cutar Alzheimer sun gano sababbin fahimta da suka shafi kalubalen duka likitoci da jama'ar Amurka wajen fahimta da kuma gano raunin fahimi (MCI), wanda ke da ƙananan canje-canje a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da tunani. An kiyasta 10% zuwa 15% na mutanen da ke tare da MCI suna ci gaba da haɓaka ciwon hauka kowace shekara. Kuma yayin da girman yawan jama'ar Amurka masu shekaru 65 da haihuwa ke ci gaba da girma (daga miliyan 58 a shekarar 2021 zuwa miliyan 88 nan da shekara ta 2050), haka ma adadin da adadin Amurkawa masu cutar Alzheimer ko wasu nakasassu za su kara hadarin hauka tare da tsufa. .

Rahoton Facts and Figures na shekara-shekara yana ba da zurfafa duban sabbin ƙididdiga na ƙasa da na jaha game da yaduwar cutar Alzheimer, mace-mace, kulawa da farashin kulawa. Rahoton na bana ya kuma ƙunshi sabon sashe kan ma'aikatan kula da cutar hauka. Wani rahoto na musamman mai rakiyar, Fiye da tsufa na al'ada: Fahimtar Rashin Rashin Lafiya (MCI), a karo na farko ya bincika fahimtar jama'a da na farko (PCP) fahimtar fahimtar duniya ta ainihi, ganewar asali da kuma kula da MCI da MCI saboda Alzheimer's. cuta a Amurka.

"Rashin hankali mai sauƙi sau da yawa yana rikicewa da 'tsufa na yau da kullun,' amma baya cikin tsarin tsufa na yau da kullun," in ji Maria Carrillo, Ph.D., babban jami'in kimiyya, Ƙungiyar Alzheimer. "Bambance tsakanin al'amurran da suka shafi fahimi sakamakon tsufa na al'ada, wadanda ke da alaƙa da MCI da wadanda ke da alaka da MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer yana da mahimmanci wajen taimaka wa mutane, iyalansu da likitocin su shirya don magani da kulawa na gaba."

An kiyasta 12% zuwa 18% na mutane masu shekaru 60 ko fiye suna da MCI. Yayin da wasu mutanen da ke da MCI ke komawa ga fahimtar al'ada ko kuma sun kasance masu tsayi, nazarin ya nuna 10% zuwa 15% na mutanen da ke da MCI suna ci gaba da ci gaba da ciwon hauka kowace shekara. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mutanen da ke da MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer suna haɓaka cutar Alzheimer a cikin shekaru biyar. Gano waɗanne mutanen da ke zaune tare da MCI za su iya haɓaka cutar hauka shine babban burin bincike na yanzu, mai yuwuwar ba da damar shiga tsakani da jiyya a baya.

Rashin sani amma har yanzu damuwa

Duk da yaduwa tsakanin tsofaffin Amurkawa, sabon rahoton ya gano fiye da 4 a cikin Amurkawa 5 (82%) sun san kadan ko basu saba da MCI ba. Lokacin da aka sa shi tare da bayanin MCI, fiye da rabi (55%) sun ce MCI yana kama da "tsufa ta al'ada."

Lokacin da aka kwatanta MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer, kusan rabin masu amsawa (42%) suna nuna damuwa game da bunkasa shi a nan gaba. Duk da waɗannan damuwa, yawancin (85%) za su so su koyi game da cutar Alzheimer da wuri a cikin ci gabanta, ko dai a lokacin lokacin MCI (54%) ko matakin lalata (31%).

Kalubale a cikin tattaunawa da ganewar asali

Ƙarin binciken ya haskaka dalilin da ya sa mutanen da ke nuna alamun MCI ba su son tattauna su da likitocin su, waɗanda ke fuskantar ƙalubale masu tsayi wajen gano majiyyatan su. Daga cikin binciken:

Kasa da rabin masu amsa (40%) sun ce za su ga likita nan da nan idan sun sami alamun MCI, yayin da yawancin (60%) za su jira ko ba za su ga likita ba kwata-kwata.

• Kusan 8 a cikin 10 masu amsawa (78%) sun nuna damuwa game da ganin likita don alamun bayyanar cututtuka na MCI, suna yin la'akari da dalilai kamar tsoron samun ganewar asali (28%); koyo suna da babbar matsala (27%); tsoron samun maganin da ba dole ba (26%); ko gaskanta alamomin zasu warware cikin lokaci (23%).

• 75% na PCPs sun ce suna kan layi na gaba don ba da kulawa ga marasa lafiya tare da MCI. Koyaya, kawai kashi biyu cikin uku suna jin daɗin amsa tambayoyin haƙuri da suka shafi MCI (65%) da/ko tattauna yadda MCI na iya alaƙa da cutar Alzheimer (60%).

PCPs sun himmatu don ƙarin koyo game da MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer kuma suna ganin fa'idodin yin takamaiman ganewar asali (90%). Duk da haka, fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na PCPs (77%) sun ba da rahoton MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer yana da wuyar ganewa, kuma rabin (51%) ba sa jin dadi don gano shi.

"Fahimtar da fahimtar rashin fahimta mai sauƙi saboda cutar Alzheimer yana da mahimmanci saboda yana ba da dama da farko don shiga tsakani a ci gaba da cutar Alzheimer," in ji Carrillo. "Yayin da a halin yanzu babu magani ga cutar Alzheimer, shiga tsakani a baya yana ba da damar da za a iya sarrafa cutar da kuma yuwuwar rage ci gaba a lokacin da mutane ke aiki da kansu da kuma kiyaye kyakkyawar rayuwa." 

Ra'ayin kabilanci da kabilanci

Damuwa da rudani a kusa da MCI sun bayyana a cikin mutane daban-daban kuma:

Sanin fahimta da fahimtar MCI yana da ƙasa a duk nau'ikan kabilanci da kabilanci da aka bincika: Amurkawa farar fata (18%), Amurkawa Asiya (18%), ƴan asalin Amurka (18%), Baƙar fata (18%) da Amurkawan Hispanic (17%) .

• Hispanic (79%) da Black (80%) Amurkawa sun ba da rahoton suna so su san ko suna da cutar Alzheimer a wani mataki na farko (MCI ko m Alzheimer's dementia), wanda ya dan kadan kadan idan aka kwatanta da White (88%) da Asiya (84). %) da ƴan ƙasar Amirka (84%).

• Asiya (54%) da Hispanic (52%) Amurkawa sun fi damuwa da haɓaka MCI idan aka kwatanta da 'yan ƙasa (47%), Fari (45%) da Baƙar fata Amirkawa (44%).

• Asiya (50%), Hispanic (49%) da Black (47%) Amurkawa sun fi damuwa da haɓaka MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer, biye da 'yan asalin (41%) da White Americans (39%).

• Samun ganewar asali ba daidai ba shine babban damuwa don rashin ganin likita nan da nan don alamun MCI tsakanin Asiya (38%), Black (31%) da White Americans (27%). Babban dalilin da 'yan Hispanic (27%) da 'yan asalin Amirka (31%) suka ambata suna koyan cewa za su iya samun matsala mai tsanani.

• Gabaɗaya, kashi 43 cikin ɗari na Amirkawa sun ambaci halartar gwaji na asibiti a matsayin dalili na farkon gano cutar Alzheimer. Duk da haka, fararen Amurkawa (50%) sun kasance sau biyu kamar na Hispanic Amurkawa (25%) don bayar da izinin shiga gwaji na asibiti a matsayin dalilin ganewar asali da wuri, sai Asiya (40%), 'Yan Asalin (35%) da Black Americans (32%). ).

"Gwajin na asibiti suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar ƙarin bayani game da halin yanzu da yuwuwar jiyya da kulawar cutar Alzheimer," in ji Carrillo. "Yayin da bincike ke haɓakawa, muna buƙatar mafi kyawun magance matsalolin al'adu, samun dama ga al'amurran da suka shafi da sauran dalilai don tabbatar da karuwar shiga cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti a tsakanin bangarori daban-daban, musamman a tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban."

Muhimmancin sa baki na farko, shawarwarin likitoci

Na masu amsa binciken da suke so su koyi game da cutar Alzheimer a lokacin lokacin MCI, fiye da rabi (70%) sun lura da buƙatar tsarawa da damar yin magani. Binciken farko yana ba iyalai lokaci don yanke shawara na shari'a, kuɗi da kulawa na gaba, bisa la'akari da damuwar majiyyaci da fifikon majiyyata, kuma yana da alaƙa da ƙananan farashin kula da lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin PCPs (86%) sun ce sa baki da wuri zai iya rage ci gaban fahimi.

Duk da haka, kawai 1 a cikin 5 PCPs (20%) sun ba da rahoton sanin gwajin gwaji na asibiti samuwa ga marasa lafiya tare da MCI, kuma 1 kawai a cikin 4 PCPs (23%) sun ce sun saba da sababbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin bututun don magance MCI saboda Alzheimer's. cuta. Lokacin da aka gano MCI, PCPs galibi suna ba da shawarar canje-canjen salon rayuwa (73%).

"Akwai ƙarin aikin da za a yi idan ya zo don faɗaɗa shirye-shiryen likitoci na farko don gano rashin lafiyar hankali, ciki har da MCI da MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer, musamman yayin da ake ci gaba da gano cutar," in ji Morgan Daven, mataimakin shugaban kasa, tsarin kiwon lafiya. , Ƙungiyar Alzheimer. "Wannan ya haɗa da wayar da kan likitocin kulawa na farko game da sabbin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su da kuma sa hannu a cikin gwajin asibiti da ke da alaƙa da cutar Alzheimer."

Ra'ayin gaba da dama

Duk da mummunar cutar da cutar Alzheimer ke ci gaba da yi wa mutane da iyalai a duk faɗin ƙasar, duka marasa lafiya da PCPs sun bayyana kyakkyawan fata cewa sabbin hanyoyin magance cutar Alzheimer suna kan gaba. Binciken ya gano fiye da 7 a cikin 10 Amirkawa (73%) suna tsammanin sababbin jiyya don jinkirta ci gaban cutar Alzheimer a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Fiye da rabin Amurkawa sun yi imanin cewa za a sami sababbin jiyya don dakatar da ci gaba (60%) da kuma hana (53%) cutar Alzheimer. Daga cikin PCPs, 82% suna tsammanin za a sami sabbin jiyya don jinkirta ci gaban cutar Alzheimer a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Fiye da rabin PCPs (54%) suna tsammanin za a sami jiyya don dakatar da ci gaban cuta kuma 42% sun yi imanin cewa za a sami jiyya don hana cutar Alzheimer.

Shekaru ashirin da suka gabata sun nuna haɓakar haɓakar sabbin nau'ikan magunguna waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ilimin halitta da nufin rage ci gaban cutar Alzheimer. Tun daga watan Fabrairun 2022, akwai jiyya 104 masu canza cututtuka da ake kimantawa a cikin gwaje-gwajen asibiti ko a matakai daban-daban na amincewar tsari. Wadannan yuwuwar hanyoyin kwantar da hankali suna da nufin rage ci gaban MCI saboda cutar Alzheimer da ƙarancin cutar Alzheimer, a cewar Ƙungiyar Alzheimer.

Tasirin COVID-19

Rahoton ya kuma yi nazari kan mummunan tasirin da cutar ta COVID-19 ta yi kan mutanen da ke fama da cutar Alzheimer. Duk da yake ba a san yadda COVID-19 zai yi tasiri ga lamba da kuma adadin mutanen da ke da cutar Alzheimer a Amurka ba, COVID-19 a fili ya yi tasiri mai ban mamaki kan mace-mace daga cutar Alzheimer da sauran dementias. A cewar rahoton, an sami ƙarin mutuwar mutane 44,729 daga cutar Alzheimer da sauran dementia a cikin 2020 idan aka kwatanta da matsakaici a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata - karuwar kashi 17%.

Rahoton ya yi nuni da bayanan farko da na bayanan da ke nuni da cutar ta kuma yi illa ga yawancin masu kula da iyali. Ya lura da ƙalubalen kulawa da ke da alaƙa da annoba, gami da rufe cibiyoyin kula da manya da rashin iya iyalai don ziyarta ko sadarwa tare da dangi a cikin tsarin kulawa na dogon lokaci, sun haifar da "matsalolin tunani da sauran sakamako mara kyau tsakanin masu kulawa."

Ƙarin bayanai daga rahoton an haɗa su a ƙasa kuma manyan ƙididdiga kan yaduwar cutar Alzheimer, mace-mace, farashin kulawa, kulawa da ma'aikatan kula da lalata yana samuwa a nan. Cikakkun bayanai na 2022 Bayanan Labaran Cutar Alzheimer da ƙididdiga, gami da rahoton na musamman mai rakiyar, Fiye da Tsufa na Al'ada: Fahimtar Rashin Fahimtar Fahimci Ana iya duba shi a alz.org/facts. Rahoton kuma zai bayyana a cikin fitowar Afrilu 2022 na Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association.

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Avatar na Linda Hohnholz

Linda Hohnholz

Edita a shugaba don eTurboNews bisa ga eTN HQ.

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