Sabuwar hanyar Haɗin da Aka Gano Tsakanin Alzheimer's da Dysfunctions na Kwayoyin rigakafi

A cikin wani binciken da aka buga a mujallar iScience, ƙungiyar ta nuna cewa aikin farfaɗiya na dabara yana ƙarfafa kumburin kwakwalwa mara kyau a cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta wanda ke kwatanta mahimman abubuwan cutar Alzheimer. Masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa sanannun 'yan wasa da yawa a cikin cutar Alzheimer sun dace da wannan haɗin gwiwa mai ban sha'awa tsakanin tsarin juyayi da tsarin rigakafi, ciki har da furotin tau, sau da yawa ya ɓace kuma yana haɗuwa a cikin kwakwalwa marasa lafiya, da TREM2, wani abu mai haɗari ga kwayoyin cutar.

"Bincikenmu ya ba da shawarar hanyoyin da za a iya hanawa da kuma sake juyar da abubuwan da suka shafi cutar Alzheimer a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na kwakwalwa da kuma ayyukan rigakafi," in ji Lennart Mucke, MD, darektan Cibiyar Gladstone na Ciwon Jiki da kuma babban marubucin sabon binciken. "Wadannan ayyukan na iya rage alamun cututtuka kuma suna iya taimakawa wajen gyara yanayin cutar."

Haɗa Ayyukan Farfaɗo da Kumburi na Kwakwalwa

Masana kimiyya sun san na ɗan lokaci cewa cutar Alzheimer tana da alaƙa da kumburi na yau da kullun a cikin kwakwalwa. Direba na wannan kumburi ya bayyana ya zama tarin furotin amyloid a cikin nau'i na "plaques," alamar neuropathological na rashin lafiya.

A cikin sabon binciken, masu binciken sun gano ayyukan farfaɗo marasa maƙarƙashiya a matsayin wani mahimmin direba na kumburin kwakwalwa na yau da kullun a cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta mai alaƙa da Alzheimer. Wannan dabarar nau'in aikin farfadiya kuma yana faruwa a cikin adadi mai yawa na mutanen da ke da cutar Alzheimer kuma yana iya zama mai hasashen raguwar fahimi cikin sauri a cikin marasa lafiya.

"Hanya daya da wannan subclinical aikin farfadiya iya hanzarta fahimi fahimi ne ta hanyar inganta kwakwalwa kumburi," in ji Melanie Das, PhD, wani masanin kimiyya a cikin Mucke ta kungiyar da kuma jagora marubucin na takarda. "Mun yi farin ciki da samun magunguna guda biyu wadanda suka hana duka ayyukan farfadiya da kumburin kwakwalwa."

A cikin ƙirar linzamin kwamfuta, masanan kimiyya sun hana duk abubuwan da ba su da kyau ta hanyar amfani da injiniyan kwayoyin halitta don kawar da furotin tau, wanda ke inganta haɓakar haɓakar neuronal (harbin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a lokaci guda). Hakanan sun sami damar juyar da sauye-sauye zuwa cibiyar sadarwar jijiyoyi da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, ta hanyar yin maganin beraye tare da levetiracetam na rigakafin cututtukan fata.

Wani gwaji na asibiti na kwanan nan na levetiracetam wanda ya fito daga aikin da Mucke ya yi a baya ya bayyana fa'idodin fahimi a cikin marasa lafiya tare da cutar Alzheimer da aikin farfadiya na subclinical, da kuma tau-lowering therapeutics suna ƙarƙashin ci gaba, kuma suna haɓaka kan bincike a cikin Lab Mucke. Sabon binciken ya sake tabbatar da yadda alƙawarin waɗannan jiyya za su kasance ga mutanen da ke farkon matakan cutar Alzheimer.

Aikin Novel na Halittar Halittar Halitta na Alzheimer Tasiri

Kumburi ba duka ɗaya ba ne; yana iya haifar da cututtuka, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayi kamar rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, ko kuma zai iya taimakawa jiki ya warke, misali, bayan yanke.

"Yana da mahimmanci a bambanta ko cutar Alzheimer ta haifar da mummunan kumburi, gazawar kumburi mai kyau, ko duka biyu," in ji Mucke, wanda shi ne Farfesa Joseph B. Martin Distinguished Farfesa na Neuroscience da kuma farfesa na Neurology a UC San Francisco. "Duba yadda ake kunna sel masu kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa baya gaya muku nan da nan ko kunnawar yana da kyau ko mara kyau, don haka mun yanke shawarar kara yin bincike."

Mucke da abokan aikinsa sun gano cewa, lokacin da suka rage ayyukan farfadiya a cikin kwakwalwar linzamin kwamfuta, daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da kumburi shine TREM2, wanda microglia ke samar da shi, ƙwayoyin rigakafi na mazaunin kwakwalwa. Mutanen da ke da bambance-bambancen jinsin TREM2 sau biyu zuwa huɗu sun fi kamuwa da cutar Alzheimer fiye da mutanen da ke da TREM2 na yau da kullun, amma masana kimiyya har yanzu suna ƙoƙarin gano ainihin rawar da wannan ƙwayar ke takawa a cikin lafiya da cuta.

Masana kimiyya sun fara nuna cewa an ƙara TREM2 a cikin kwakwalwar beraye tare da amyloid plaques, amma an rage su bayan danne ayyukan su na farfadiya. Don gano dalilin da ya sa, sun yi nazarin ko TREM2 yana rinjayar yiwuwar mice zuwa ƙananan allurai na miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda zai iya haifar da aikin farfadiya. Mice tare da raguwar matakan TREM2 sun nuna ƙarin ayyukan farfaɗiya don mayar da martani ga wannan miyagun ƙwayoyi fiye da mice tare da matakan TREM2 na al'ada, suna nuna cewa TREM2 yana taimakawa microglia ya kawar da ayyukan da ba su da kyau.

"Wannan rawar na TREM2 ya kasance ba zato ba tsammani kuma yana nuna cewa karuwar matakan TREM2 a cikin kwakwalwa na iya yin amfani da manufa mai amfani," in ji Das. “An yi nazarin TREM2 da farko dangane da alamun cututtukan cutar Alzheimer kamar plaques da tangles. Anan, mun gano cewa wannan kwayar halitta kuma tana da rawa wajen daidaita ayyukan cibiyar sadarwar jijiyoyi."

Mucke ya kara da cewa "Bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halittar TREM2 da ke kara hadarin cutar Alzheimer ya bayyana yana cutar da aikinsa," in ji Mucke. "Idan TREM2 bai yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, zai iya zama da wahala ga sel na rigakafi don murkushe hyperexcitability na neuronal, wanda hakan na iya ba da gudummawa ga haɓaka cutar Alzheimer da haɓaka raguwar fahimi."

Kamfanoni da yawa na magunguna suna haɓaka ƙwayoyin rigakafi da sauran mahadi don haɓaka aikin TREM2, da farko don haɓaka kawar da plaques amyloid. A cewar Mucke, irin waɗannan jiyya na iya taimakawa wajen murkushe ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa mara kyau a cikin cutar Alzheimer da yanayin da ke da alaƙa.