Botswana farautar ganima ta kama giwaye 385

Akalla giwaye 385 aka farautar da su a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, amma gwamnatin Botswana ta riga ta saita wani adadin giwaye 400 na shekara-shekara da za a kashe ta masu farauta da kuma bayar da shawarar a gyara jerin sunayen CITES na giwar Afirka don ba da damar cinikin hauren giwa.

"An samu karuwar farauta, da muka yarda", in ji Kitso Mokaila (Ministan Muhalli da Albarkatun Kasa, Kula da Yawon Bude Ido) a wata hira da CNN ta yi da su. Koyaya, da alama gwamnati ba ta yarda da matakan mafarautan da Botswana ke fuskanta a yanzu ba ko kuma ganin cewa farautar ganima za ta ta daɗa hakan.

Shaidar kusan kashi 600% na sabbin gawarwakin giwaye, wadanda ake iya ganowa a lokacin 2017-18, an gabatar da su ne a cikin takardar da aka duba takwarorinmuTabbacin ofaddamar da Matsalar Fata giwar Giwa a Botswana”, Wanda aka buga a mujallar Biology na yanzu.

Da yawa daga cikin gawarwakin giwayen waɗanda ake zargi da ɓarnar ɓarnar da aka samo a lokacin binciken jirgin sama na 2018, Dakta Mike Chase da tawagarsa ta Elephants Without Borders (EWB) sun tabbatar da su a ƙasa kuma duk sun nuna munanan alamun farautar. An cire kwanyar su da gatari don cire hauren kuma jikinsu da aka lalata an rufe su da rassa don ɓoye shaidar a zahiri. Wasu giwayen ma an yanke musu kututture don lalata dabbobi waɗanda a bayyane suke raye yayin da mafarautan suka cire haurensu.

Matakan farautar farauta da EWB suka samu yayin binciken jirgi suna da matukar damuwa. Chase (Wanda ya kirkiro da kuma Darakta - EWB) ya ce “shaidun da ke cikin wannan takarda ba za a iya musantawa ba kuma suna goyon bayan gargadin da muke da shi cewa ana kashe giwayen giwaye ta hanyar kungiyoyin masu farauta a Botswana; ya kamata mu dakatar da su kafin su yi karfin gwiwa.

Duk wata giwa da Chase da tawagarsa suka samo bijimin da ya balaga tsakanin shekara 30-60 da haihuwa tare da manyan hauren hauren da suka kai dubban daloli a kasuwannin bayan fage.

Duk masu farauta da masu farautar ganima suna da kyakkyawar manufa ga manya da tsofaffin giwayen bijimai masu manyan hauren giwa, waɗanda galibi bijimai ne da suka girmi shekaru 35. Wadannan bijimai suna da matukar mahimmanci ga zamantakewar zamantakewar giwaye, ga masana'antu safari masana'antu kuma ga dorewar masana'antar farautar ganima ita kanta.

Koyaya, adadin farautar giwaye 400 ne, wanda kusan yawancin bijimai da yawa suka lalata, yaci gaba?

Jimlar balaguron bijimai a Botswana sun kai kusan 20,600, a cewar EWB 2018 binciken jirgin sama. A mafi kyau, 6,000 daga waɗannan bijimai ne da suka girmi shekaru 35.

Lokacin da Shugaba Mokgweetsi Masisi ya buɗe lokacin farautar ganima, Botswana na iya rasa shanu 785 don farautar ganima da farauta. A wasu kalmomin, za a cire 13% na balagaggun kuma galibi masu sha'awar jima'i daga yawan giwayen kowace shekara.

Mafarautan da kansu sunyi imanin cewa adadin kashi 0.35% na jimillar yawan jama'a, ko kuma kusan kashi 7% na ƙwararrun bijimai, shine matsakaicin ɗorewa "a kashe-kai" ba tare da rasa girman ƙyamar da ake so ba. Koyaya, wannan baya la'akari da ƙarin "kashe-kashe" saboda farautar farauta, wanda ya sa adadin da ake samu a Botswana ya ninka kusan wannan matakin "mai ɗorewa".

Ko da kuwa matakan farauta ba su ƙaruwa ba, zai ɗauki shekaru 7-8 kawai don kawar da duk giwayen bijimin da suka balaga, wanda a bayyane yake ba kusa da ɗorewa.

Wurin neman farautar zai yi hanzarin jayayya cewa farautar ta faru ne saboda an bar watsi da farautar. Koyaya, farautar farauta a Botswana kawai ta fara haɓaka wani lokaci a cikin shekarar 2017, shekaru uku cikakke bayan sanya dokar farauta.

Bunkasar yawan jama'a zai rage wannan tasirin, amma a wuraren da ake farauta da farauta, za a rage yawan bijimai masu girma, wanda zai shafi tsarin zamantakewar wadannan giwayen.

Dr Michelle Henley (Darakta, Co-kafa da kuma Babban Malami - Elephants Alive) ta ce "tsoffin bijimai suna da babbar nasara ta mahaifinsu, suna inganta dunkulewar kungiya, suna aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara a cikin kungiyoyin bachelor, kuma suna murkushe mushe a kananan yara."

Wannan karshen yana da mahimmanci, saboda rashin tsofaffin bijimai yana nufin cewa saurayi ya shigo cikin hanzari da wuri, wanda hakan zai sa su zama masu zafin rai. Wannan ta'addancin na iya haifar da ƙaruwa a Rikicin Giwar Humanan Adam, batun da gwamnatin Botswana ke fatan ragewa ta hanyar sake shigar da farautar ganima.

Zabin da aka dade ana yi na “kashe-kashe” na manyan mahaukatan kuma yana shafar bambancin jinsin giwaye, wanda ke haifar da yawan kananan hauren giwa da har da giwaye marasa gaɓa. Wannan canjin halittar bawai kawai ya shafi rayuwar wadannan giwayen bane, amma kuma yana da sakamako kai tsaye ga dorewar masana'antar farautar ganima ita kanta.

Kashe giwaye ba bisa ka’ida ba saboda hauren giwa ya kai matakin da ba za a ci gaba ba a duk fadin Afirka, inda yawan giwaye da aka kashe ba bisa ka'ida ba yanzu ya wuce hayayyafar halitta. An kiyasta hakan giwa daya ake kashewa duk bayan minti talatin.

Duk da cewa an kashe giwaye a yawancin Afirka na wani lokaci yanzu, yawan giwayen Botswana sun kasance ba su da kwanciyar hankali tun farkon 2010 tare da ƙoshin lafiya giwaye kusan giwaye 126,000.

Chase ta ce, “Ina da kwarin gwiwa cewa dukkan masu ruwa da tsaki za su iya aiki tare don aiwatar da matakan da suka dace don takaita farautar. A karshe, za a hukunta Botswana ba don matsalar matsalar farauta ba, amma ta yadda za ta magance ta. ”

MAJIYA: Conservation Action Trust