Siyasar rigakafi da yawon shakatawa

Siyasar rigakafi da yawon shakatawa
Avatar na Harry Johnson
Written by Harry Johnson

Yawon shakatawa kafin annoba

A cikin shekaru da dama da suka gabata, yawon shakatawa ya sami ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓakawa don zama ɗaya daga cikin sassan tattalin arziki mafi sauri a duniya (UNWTO, 2019). Masu zuwa yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa sun karu daga miliyan 25.3 a shekarar 1950 zuwa miliyan 1138 a shekarar 2014 zuwa miliyan 1500 a shekarar 2019. A karshen shekarar 2019, yawon shakatawa na kasa da kasa ya samu ci gaban shekara ta goma a jere kuma ya zarce ci gaban GDP na duniya a shekara ta tara a jere. Yawan wuraren da ake samun dalar Amurka biliyan 1 ko fiye daga yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa su ma sun ninka tun 1998.  

Bisa nazarin kasashe 185 a shekarar 2019, an gano cewa yawon bude ido na kasa da kasa ya samar da ayyukan yi miliyan 330; daidai da 1 a cikin goma ayyuka a duniya ko 1/4 na duk sabbin ayyukan da aka samar a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata. Har ila yau, yawon shakatawa ya kai kashi 10.3% na GDP na duniya da kuma kashi 28.3% na fitar da sabis na duniya.WTTC, 2020). Shekaru da yawa, yawon shakatawa ya kasance hanyar rayuwa ga ƙananan ƙanana, tattalin arzikin tsibiran da ba su bambanta ba da ke cikin Caribbean, Pacific, Atlantic, da Tekun Indiya. Ga wasu daga cikin waɗannan tattalin arziƙin, yawon shakatawa ya kai kusan kashi 80% na abubuwan da ake fitarwa zuwa ketare kuma har zuwa 48% na ayyukan yi kai tsaye.

Tasirin tattalin arziƙin duniya na annoba

Duk da cewa gudummawar da yawon bude ido ke bayarwa ga tattalin arzikin duniya da ci gabanta ba abune mai tababa ba, tabbatacce ne cewa cigaban bangaren ya kasance mai rikitarwa. Ta wani bangare, yawon bude ido na daya daga cikin bangarorin da suka fi karfin tattalin arzikin duniya. A gefe guda, shi ma ya zama ɗayan mafi saukin kamuwa da damuwa. An sake tura bangaren yawon bude ido zuwa iyakokinta ta hanyar tasirin duniya na yaduwar cutar coronavirus wacce ta addabi duniya tun daga watan Maris din 2020. Masana da masana da dama sun bayyana cutar ta COVID-19 a matsayin mafi munin tattalin arziki tun bayan Babban Rashin damuwa na 1929. Ya haifar da kaifi, lokaci guda da rashin iyaka ga duka buƙatu da samar da sarƙoƙi a cikin tattalin arziƙin haɗin duniya. Ana sa ran annobar za ta jefa yawancin ƙasashe cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki a cikin 2020, tare da karɓar kuɗin shigar kowane mutum a cikin mafi ƙasƙanci na ƙasashen duniya tun 1870 (The World Bank, 2020). Hakanan an tsara tattalin arzikin duniya zai ragu tsakanin 5 zuwa 8% a cikin 2020.

Tasirin annoba akan balaguro da yawon buɗe ido

Don dalilai bayyanannu, faduwar tattalin arziki da yaɗuwar tattalin arziki ya haifar da mummunan tasiri. Kafin annobar, girma da saurin tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen duniya sun kai matakan tarihi. A tarihance, tafiye tafiye yana da karfi wajen yada cututtuka tun lokacin da hijirar mutane ya zama hanya don yada cututtukan cututtuka a duk tarihin da aka rubuta kuma zai ci gaba da fasalta fitowar, yawanta, da yaduwar cututtuka a yankuna da yawan jama'a. Yawan matafiya da zirga-zirgar su ta sararin samaniya sun rage shingen kasa ga microbes kuma ya kara karfin yaduwar cututtukan da zasu iya shafar bangaren yawon bude ido (Baker, 2015).  

 Tarihi ya kuma nuna cewa annoba da annoba suna da tasiri kai tsaye a kan otal-otal, gidajen cin abinci da jiragen sama saboda sanya takunkumin tafiye-tafiye na duniya, firgita da kafofin watsa labarai ke yi da kulawar cikin gida da gwamnatoci ke gabatarwa. Wani rahoto da Bankin Duniya ya fitar a shekara ta 2008 ya yi gargadin cewa, wata annoba ta duniya da ta dauki shekara guda na iya haifar da babbar matsalar tattalin arzikin duniya. Ya yi ikirarin cewa asarar tattalin arzikin ba zai zo ba daga cuta ko mutuwa ba amma daga kokarin kauce wa kamuwa da cuta kamar rage zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, kauce wa tafiye-tafiye zuwa wuraren da cutar ta kama da kuma rage amfani da ayyuka kamar cin abincin gidan abinci, yawon bude ido, jigilar mutane da yawa, da kuma siyayya mai muhimmanci. Waɗannan tsinkaya sun bayyana kai tsaye a cikin mahallin cutar ta yanzu.

Barkewar cutar ta duniya, farkon sikelin ta a cikin sabon zamanin haɗin kai, ta sanya, cikin haɗari, ayyuka miliyan 121.1 a cikin balaguron balaguro da yawon buɗe ido don yanayin yanayin asali da miliyan 197.5 don yanayin yanayin ƙasa.WTTC, 2020). An yi hasashen asarar GDP na tafiye-tafiye da yawon shakatawa a dala tiriliyan 3.4 don tushe da dala tiriliyan 5.5 don yanayin yanayin ƙasa. Kudaden shiga na fitar da kayayyaki daga yawon bude ido na iya faduwa da dala biliyan 910 zuwa dala tiriliyan 1.2 a shekarar 2020, yana haifar da babban tasiri wanda zai iya rage GDPn duniya da kashi 1.5% zuwa 2.8% (UNWTO, 2020).

A duk duniya, wataƙila cutar za ta haifar da raguwar ɓangaren yawon buɗe ido da kashi 20% zuwa 30% a 2020. Ba a yi hasashen cewa adadin kuɗin yawon buɗe ido a duk duniya zai koma matakin 2019 har zuwa 2023 kamar yadda masu zuwa yawon buɗe ido suka faɗi a duniya da sama da kashi 65 cikin 8 tun lokacin da annobar ta auku idan aka kwatanta da kashi 17 a yayin rikicin tattalin arziƙin duniya da kashi 2003 cikin 2020 a yayin annobar SARS ta XNUMX (IMF, XNUMX). Duk da yake ana sa ran bangarorin tattalin arziki da dama za su murmure da zarar an dauke matakan takaitawa, annobar za ta iya yin tasiri mai dorewa a kan yawon shakatawa na duniya. Wannan ya samo asali ne saboda rage kwarin gwiwar mabukaci da kuma yiwuwar samun takunkumi mai tsawo a kan zirga-zirgar mutane ta duniya.

Yin shari'ar ma'aikatan yawon bude ido da za'a yi la'akari dasu da rigakafin rigakafin COVID-19 da wuri

A bayyane yake, lafiyayyiyar masana'antar yawon buɗe ido tana da mahimmanci ga maido da tattalin arzikin duniya gabaɗaya. A saboda wannan ne ya sa ma'aikata a cikin tafiye-tafiye da yawon shakatawa, watakila na biyu kawai ga mahimman ma'aikata da kuma mutanen da ke cikin shekaru masu rauni da nau'ikan kiwon lafiya, ya kamata a ɗauka a matsayin babban fifiko don gudanar da allurar rigakafin Pfizer / BioNtech lokacin da ta fito fili. Alurar riga kafi ta sami kashi 95% na tasiri a cikin gwaji kuma ana sa ran gudanar da rigakafin sama da miliyan 25 a ƙarshen shekara.  

Kira don yin la’akari da bangaren a matsayin fifiko ga allurar riga-kafi da wuri kan COVID-19 ya dogara ne da cewa yawon bude ido na duniya ya riga ya kai matsayin “babba don kasawa” la’akari da irin tasirinsa na zamantakewar tattalin arziki. Don haka ya zama wajibi ɓangaren ya rayu a lokacin da bayan rikice-rikicen yanzu don ta ci gaba da cika mahimmiyar rawar da take takawa a matsayinta na babbar hanyar haɓaka tattalin arziƙin duniya da ci gabanta. Tabbas, tafiye-tafiye da yawon bude ido sune zasu zama babbar hanyar kawo cigaban tattalin arzikin duniya bayan COVID-19 ta hanyar samar da sabbin ayyuka, kudaden shiga na gwamnati, kudaden kasashen waje, tallafawa ci gaban tattalin arzikin cikin gida da kulla mahimmin alaƙa da sauran bangarorin da zasu samar da ingantaccen domino tasiri ga masu samarwa a duk faɗin sarkar wadata.  

A halin yanzu, sama da guraben ayyuka miliyan 100 ne ke cikin hatsari, yawancin su kanana, kanana, da matsakaitan masana'antu ne da ke daukar kaso mai tsoka na mata, wadanda ke wakiltar kashi 54 cikin XNUMX na ma'aikatan yawon bude ido, a cewar hukumar yawon bude ido ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.UNWTO). Har ila yau, yawon bude ido yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen hanzarta ci gaban al'umma yayin da yake jawo jama'ar yankin wajen ci gabansa, tare da ba su damar ci gaba a wuraren da suka fito. Tabarbarewar da ke faruwa a yanzu babu shakka ya bar al'ummomi da yawa a duniya suna fuskantar tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba.

 Gabaɗaya, fa'idodin tafiye-tafiye & yawon shakatawa ya zarce tasirinsa kai tsaye dangane da GDP da aikin yi; Hakanan akwai fa'idodi na kai tsaye ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar samar da kayayyaki zuwa wasu sassa da kuma tasirin sa ((WTTC, 2020). Don haka a bayyane yake cewa tsawaita koma baya da jinkirin farfado da fannin zai haifar da wahalhalu da koma bayan tattalin arziki ga kasashe da dama na duniya da kuma biliyoyin mutane. Wannan yana ba da tushen tursasawa don yin la'akari da sashin don rigakafin farko daga COVID-19. Za a yi nazarin waɗannan batutuwan a Resilience Global Tourism Resilience and Crisis Management Center na Edmund Bartlett Lecture Sake farawa. Tattalin arziki ta hanyar yawon shakatawa: Siyasar rigakafi, Abubuwan Duniya masu mahimmanci da Haƙƙin Gaskiya a ranar Janairu 27, 2020. Ziyarci gidan yanar gizon www.gtrcmc.org don ƙarin bayani.

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Avatar na Harry Johnson

Harry Johnson

Harry Johnson ya kasance editan aikin eTurboNews fiye da shekaru 20. Yana zaune a Honolulu, Hawaii, kuma asalinsa daga Turai ne. Yana jin daɗin rubutawa da bayar da labarai.

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