Dalibin yawon bude ido ya nitse a Costa Rica

A cikin labarin dokar tafiye-tafiye na wannan makon, mun yi nazari kan shari'ar Thackurdeen v. Duke University, No. 1: 16CV1108 (MDNC 2018) inda "Masu gabatar da kara Roshni Thackurdeen da Raj B. Thackurdeen suka shigar da karar a halin yanzu, a daidaikunsu, kuma a matsayin masu gudanar da ayyukan hadin gwiwa. gadon dan su marigayi. A lokacin bazara na 2012, ɗansu, Ravi Thackurdeen, ya mutu yayin da ɗalibi ya yi rajista a cikin Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya da Tsarin Magunguna na wurare masu zafi… shirin karatun kwaleji a ƙasashen waje, a Costa Rica. Koyaya, yayin da yake halartar Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya, ya yi rajista a Duke (Jami'a) da OTS (Kungiyar Nazarin Nazari)…Don tallafawa da'awar sakaci, Thackurdeens sun yi zargin cewa Duke da OTS sun kasa yin kulawa mai kyau kuma sun keta aikinsu na Ravi ta, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa: ɗaukar ɗalibai zuwa Playa Tortuga, rairayin bakin teku mai sananne ga rip igiyoyin ruwa, kasa yin bincike game da haɗari da matakan tsaro, kasawar gargaɗin ɗalibai game da haɗarin Playa Tortuga da yin iyo a cikin teku, kasawa. don neman masu ceton rai da gazawar ceto Ravi…An hana sakacin masu gabatar da kara da da'awar kisa ba daidai ba bisa ingantattun yarjejeniyoyin hakura da sakin. Laifin ganganci na da'awar damuwa game da Duke da OTS ya rage. " Kwatanta wani bala'in nutsewa yayin balaguron kallon tsuntsaye na kwaleji zuwa Costa Rica [Jami'ar Mayer v. Cornell, 107 F. 3d 3 (2d Cir. 1997), cert. sun ƙaryata 1997 WL 336602 (Sup. Ct. 1997)] da shari'ar Tick na kasar Sin [Munn v. The Hotchkiss School, 166 A. 3d 1167 (Conn. Sup. 2017) da Munn v. The Hotchkiss School, No. 14-2410 -cv (2d Cir. Fabrairu 6, 2018) da za a tattauna a labarin dokar tafiya mako mai zuwa]

Sabunta Manufofin Ta'addanci

Tripoli, Libya

A wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai wa hukumar zabe a kasar Libya, nytimes (5/2/2018) an bayyana cewa, ‘yan bindiga sun kai farmaki kan hukumar zaben kasar Libya a babban birnin kasar, Tripoli a ranar Laraba, inda suka yi ta fesa harsasai sannan suka tayar da bama-bamai a wani harin kunar bakin wake da ya ci rayukan mutane da dama. . 'Sun harbe da bindigogin mashin dinsu, suka kona ginin, kafin su tarwatsa kansu', in ji Khalid Omar, kakakin hukumar zaben, wanda ya shaida harin. Mista Omar ya ce ya san wasu abokan aikinsu guda shida da aka kashe, amma ya kara da cewa shugaban hukumar ya shaida masa cewa sun mutu 10.

Baghdad, Iraq

A Iraki: An yanke wa wasu mata 19 'yan kasar Rasha hukuncin daurin rai da rai saboda shiga kungiyar ISIL, Travelwirenews (4/29/2018) An bayyana cewa, "Tun bayan ayyana samun nasara a kan ISIL, Bagadaza ta kama mata fiye da 560 da yara 600 da aka bayyana mambobi ne ko 'yan uwansu… a Bagadaza ta yanke hukuncin daurin rai da rai ga wasu mata 'yan kasar Rasha 19 bisa samun su da shiga cikin mayakan kungiyar ISIL a kasar.

Mubi, Nigeria

Bam ya kashe akalla mutane 24 a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya: 'Yan sanda, Travelwirenews (5/1/2018) An bayyana cewa "Akalla mutane 24 ne suka mutu a wani harin kunar bakin wake biyu da aka kai a wani masallaci da wata kasuwa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya… mutane da dama ne suka jikkata a harin da aka kai a garin Mubi...wani dan kunar bakin wake ya tayar da bam a masallacin da misalin karfe 1:200 na rana.

North Haven, Connecticut

A Astor, Fashewar Fashewar Jami’an ‘Yan Sanda a Connecticut Ya Raunata Jami’ai Da Dama, nytimes (5/2/2018) an lura da cewa “Jami’an ‘yan sanda da dama sun ji rauni a wani babban fashewa da aka yi a ranar Laraba da yamma a yayin da suke taho-mu-gama da wani da ake zargi da tsare a North Haven, Conn. , jami'ai sun ce. Fashewar… tana da ƙarfi sosai wanda mazauna har zuwa mil mil suka ce gidajensu sun girgiza. Kadarorin da abin ya faru ya barke da wuta kuma har yanzu ana ci gaba da kona sama da sa’o’i hudu, wanda ya cika unguwar da hayaki”.

Gudun Fyaɗen Bijimai

Dubun dubatar mutane sun yi zanga-zanga a titunan Pomplona don nuna rashin amincewarsu da laifin fyade da aka samu, Travelwirenews (4/29/2018) an lura da cewa "Dubban mutane sun yi zanga-zanga a kan titunan birnin Pomplona na kasar Spain don nuna rashin amincewarsu da laifin fyade da aka yi wa wasu mutane biyar da ake zargi da aikata laifin fyade. gungun yi wa wata mata ‘yar shekara 18 fyade a wurin bikin ‘Running of the Bulls’ na birnin. Wadanda ake tuhumar ‘yan asalin birnin Seville, ‘yan shekara 27 zuwa 29 ne, kuma an zarge su da yi wa matar fyade a kofar gidanta a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 2016. Duk da cewa sun dauki hoton lamarin da wayoyinsu na zamani, daga baya kuma suka yi ta takama da shi. WhatsApp, ba a tuhume su da laifin fyade ba saboda dokar Spain ta bukaci a samu shaidar tashin hankali ko tsoratarwa don a tabbatar da laifin fyade”.

Ka guji Jiragen Sama na Kudu maso Yamma, Don Allah

Makonni biyu kacal bayan wani mummunan hatsari a jirgin Southwest Airlines [duba In Healy & Hauser, Inside Southwest Flight 1380, Minti 20 na Hargitsi da Ta'addanci, nytimes (4/18/2018) an lura cewa “‘Ya kai Yesu, ka aika da wasu. mala'iku'. Fasinjoji na fargabar za su mutu yayin da injin ya fashe, wanda ya jefar da jirgin dubban kafa a cikin minti daya. Dubun taku sama da kasa, fasinjojin sun hada hannu da baki, sun yi addu'a tare kuma suka shirya su mutu...Ba tare da wani gargadi ba, injin jirgin na hagu ya fashe bayan da daya daga cikin burbushinsa ya karye. Guguwar busa ta daga tagar, wani bangare na tsotsar fasinja daya a jere na 14 da fara kai sama zuwa sama”] wani hatsarin da zai iya haifar da bala'i [duba Wichter, Jirgin Kudu maso Yamma da Tilastawa Zuwa Kasa Bayan Tagar Cabin Ta Fashe A Air, nytimes (5/2/2018) )("An tilastawa wani jirgin Southwest Airlines ya karkata ya sauka kafin ya isa inda yake so a ranar Laraba bayan da wani fanni na daya daga cikin tagogin gidan ya lalace a cikin jirgin").

Sirrin Fares, Kowa?

A cikin Sablich, Daga Hopper, Kasuwancin Jirgin Sama na Musamman da aka aika kai tsaye zuwa Wayoyi, nytimes (5/2/2018) an lura da cewa "Hopper, kamfanin hasashen jirgin sama da aikace-aikacen ajiya, ya gabatar da wani fasalin da ya ce zai ba wa matafiya cinikin jirgin da suka ci nasara. 'Ba za su iya samun a kan wani dandali booking, aika zuwa ga wayoyin. Yayin da sanarwar turawa ta zama kayan aiki mai mahimmanci ga yawancin hukumomin ba da izinin tafiye-tafiye, Hopper ya ce shi ne babban dandamali na farko don amfani da fasaha don ba da irin waɗannan nau'o'in farashi na musamman, wanda ya kira Asirin Fares ".

Dust Strom A Indiya

A wata mummunar guguwar kurar kurar Indiya ta kashe fiye da 70, ta kuma jikkata wasu da dama, Travelwirenews (5/3/2018) an lura da cewa “Haguwar kura a arewacin Indiya ta kashe mutane fiye da 70 tare da jikkata wasu fiye da 140 a ranar Laraba. An ba da rahoton cewa mutane da yawa sun mutu a cikin barci yayin da guguwar ta mamaye gidajensu… a cikin jihohin Utlar Pradesh da Rajasthan.

Pakistan Yayi zafi sosai, Lallai

A Pakistan an kafa tarihin yanayin zafin duniya na Afrilu, Travelwirenews (5/3/2018) an lura da cewa "An kafa rikodin yanayin zafi a watan Afrilu a birnin Nawabshah, Pakistan. Matsakaicin ma'aunin Celsius 50.2 (digiri 122.2 Fahrenheit) an bayar da rahoton a ranar Litinin".

Wuce Latas ɗin Romaine, Don Allah

A cikin Astor, E. Coli Barkewar Ya Mutu Tare da Mutuwar Halittu a California, nytimes (5/2/2018) an lura cewa "Wani fashewar E. Coli da ke da alaƙa da latas romaine ya zama mai kisa, tare da mutuwar mutum ɗaya a California. Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta fada a ranar Laraba. Wannan shi ne karon farko da aka bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane a cikin barkewar cutar, wanda ya fara a watan Maris kuma ya bazu zuwa jihohi 25… CDC ta sami rahoton bullar cutar guda 121 a fadin kasar ciki har da 52 wadanda suka yi sanadiyar kwantar da su a asibiti.

Bukukuwan Turai tara

A cikin Biki! 9 Bukukuwan Turai Masu Cancanci Don Balaga, nanytimes (4/30/2018) an lura da cewa “Jasmine a Faransa, truffles a Italiya, na tsakiyar zamanai a Jamus: Bayan sanannun kade-kade da bukukuwan wallafe-wallafen Turai, akwai babban taron biki, wanda ya bambanta. daga al'ada zuwa yanke shawara mai ban mamaki. Marubutanmu suna raba wasu abubuwan da suka fi so”. (1) Tsakiyar bazara a Stockholm da Beyond, (2) Bikin Jasmine a Grasse, Faransa, (3) La Tomatina a Bunol, Spain, (4) Bikin-tsakiyar da a Selb, Jamus, (5) Bikin Bikin Jirgin ruwa a Portsoy, Scotland, (6) Bikin Biki a Galicnik, Macedonia, (7) Bikin Biyar a Pilsen, Jamhuriyar Czech, (8) Wine, Whimsy da Song a Montmarte, Paris, Faransa da (9) Bikin Farin Ciki, Alba, Italiya.

Ticks & Sauro Suna Hali, Don Allah

A cikin McNeil, Tick da Cututtukan Sauro suna Yaduwa da sauri, CDC ta gano, nytimes (5/1/2018) an lura da cewa “Bakwai, kwanakin rashin kulawa na bazara. Adadin mutanen da ke kamuwa da cututtuka ta hanyar sauro, kaska da cizon ƙuma ya ninka fiye da sau uku a Amurka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan…Tun daga shekara ta 2004, an gano aƙalla irin waɗannan cututtukan guda tara ko kuma an bullo da su a nan… sama a cikin nahiyar Amurka, ko da yake lokuta na cutar Lyme da sauran cututtukan da aka kafa suna girma. A yankunan tsibirin kamar Puerto Rico, barazanar ita ce sauro masu dauke da ƙwayoyin cuta kamar dengue da Zika. "

Manyan Redskins Cheerleaders, Kowa?

A cikin Macur, Redskins Cheerleaders sun bayyana Hotunan Hotuna marasa kyau da kuma rashin jin daɗi da dare, nytimes (5/2/2018) an lura cewa "Lokacin da Washington Redskins suka ɗauki tawagarsu na gaisuwa zuwa Costa Rica a cikin 2013 don hoton kalanda, dalilin farko. Damuwa tsakanin masu taya murna ya zo ne lokacin da jami'an Redskins suka karbi fasfo din su a lokacin da suka isa wurin shakatawa ... Don daukar hoton, a wurin shakatawa na Grand Papagayo na Occidental-kawai da ke Culebra Bay, wasu daga cikin masu taya murna sun ce ana bukatar su zama marasa koli, kodayake Hotunan da aka yi amfani da su don kalanda ba za su nuna tsiraici ba. Wasu ba komai suke sawa ba sai fenti na jiki… Redskins sun gayyaci 'yan kallo. Tawagar masu ba da tallafi da masu riƙe da suite na FedExField-duk maza-an ba su damar isa ga hotunan hotuna. Wata maraice… daraktan tawagar ya gaya wa tara daga cikin 36 masu fara'a cewa aikinsu bai yi ba. Sun yi aiki na musamman na dare. Wasu mazan da suka dauki nauyin daukar nauyinsu sun dauko su ne domin su zama masu rakiya a wani gidan rawa na dare”.

Humpback Whales, Barka da Dawo

A cikin Weintraub, Humpback Whale Baby Boom kusa da Antarctica, nytimes (5/1/2018) an lura cewa "A cikin wani sabon labari mai daɗi ga whales, ƙwanƙwasa waɗanda ke rayuwa kuma suke haye a cikin tekunan kudanci kusa da Antarctica sun bayyana suna yin dawowa. , tare da mata a cikin 'yan shekarun nan suna da yawan ciki mai yawa kuma suna haifuwa da yawa. An kusan farautar Whales na Humpback daga wanzuwa a ƙarshen 19th da mafi yawan ƙarni na 20 har sai an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin dakatar da su tare da sanya kariya ga mafi sanyi a duniya, nahiya mai isa ga haya ". Bravo.

Babu sauran Batun Filastik, Don Allah

A Graham, Hannun Hannun Filayen Filastik suna girma. Amma Shin Masana'antar Balaguro Suna Isarwa?, Newtimes (5/1/2018) an lura cewa "Amurka na wucewa fiye da ciyawar filastik miliyan 500 a kowace rana, a cewar Eco-Cycle… Ana amfani da su na 'yan mintuna kaɗan kawai, amma mai yuwuwa yana dawwama na ɗaruruwan shekaru a cikin teku, kuma suna cikin manyan gurɓataccen gurɓataccen ruwa 10 da aka tattara a lokacin tsabtace rairayin bakin teku…Kamfanonin jirgin ruwa kamar P&O, Cunard da Royal Caribbean sun ba da sanarwar iyaka akan bambaro na filastik… yayin da Carnival zai daina sanya bambaro a cikin tabarau ta atomatik, amma ba zai hana su kai tsaye ba. Kamfanonin jiragen sama sun yi jinkirin aiwatar da canje-canje, amma, Fiji Airways da Thai Airways duka sun yi alƙawarin rage yawan robobi guda ɗaya a cikin jiragensu a cikin 2018, yayin da Ryanair ke da niyyar zama 'kyauta filastik' nan da 2013 ″.

yawon shakatawa na kashe kansa a Switzerland

A yawon shakatawa na kashe kansa wata matsala ce ga Swiss, Travelwirenews (4/29/2018) an lura cewa "Dignitas ya taimaka wa mutane 138 su kashe kansu a bara, kashi uku fiye da na 2004, bisa ga shafin yanar gizonsa. Kusan kashi 90 cikin 2003 sun fito ne daga wajen Switzerland, galibi Jamus. Kisan kai yana faruwa kusan kowace rana, Talata zuwa Juma'a'…' Juma'a rana ce ta gaggawa. Abin tsoro'. 'Yan majalisar dokokin Switzerland na mayar da martani ta hanyar ba da shawarar kara sa ido kan kungiyoyin da ke taimaka wa mutane su kashe kansu. Adadin taimakon kashe kansa a yankin da ke magana da Jamusanci na Switzerland shine mafi girma daga cikin wurare hudu a duniya da ke ba da izinin hakan, a cewar wani bincike na XNUMX”.

A cikin wani dattijo mai shekaru 104 yana shirin tafiya Switzerland don taimakon kashe kansa, Travelwirenews (5/1/2018) an lura da cewa “Wani mutum dan shekara 104 dan kasar Australia ya ce zai tafi kasar Switzerland da nufin kawo karshen rayuwarsa. David Goodall, masanin kimiyya, yana shirin zuwa Basel don manufar taimakon kashe kansa a farkon watan Mayu, a cewar Exit International, ƙungiyar da ke ba da shawarar zaɓin ƙarshen rayuwa.

Hawai's Rising Tides

A cikin hawan tekun Hawaii: Kiran yanayi a fadin jihar don aiki, Travelwirenews (5/2/2018) an lura da cewa "Hawaii na fuskantar matsanancin matsanancin raƙuman ruwa da kuma rikodin yawan ambaliya, ɓarna bakin teku, murjani bleaching da barazanar magudanar ruwa da gandun daji na asali… Rahoton 'Hawai Sea Level Rise Vulnerability and Adaptation Report' na kwanan nan daga Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta jihar yakamata a buƙaci karantawa ga duk wanda ke zaune a yankin bakin teku… na karni”.

Sabon Shirin Amintaccen Dabbobin Jiragen Sama na United Airlines

A cikin United Airlines: Yin tafiya lafiya ga dabbobi, Travelwirenews (5/1/2018) an lura da cewa "Kamfanin jiragen sama na United a yau ya sanar da cewa zai yi aiki tare da American Humane, kungiyar dabba ta farko ta kasa, don inganta jin dadin jama'a. duk dabbobin da ke tafiya a United. American Humane yana aiki don inganta aminci, jin daɗi da jin daɗin dabbobin duniya fiye da shekaru 140. United ta kuma ba da sanarwar cewa za ta ci gaba da aiki ga PetSafe, shirin mai jigilar kaya don kuliyoyi da karnuka da ke tafiya a cikin dakunan dakon kaya, daga baya a wannan bazarar”.

Sabbin Dokokin Guguwa A Filin Jirgin Sama na JFK

A McGheehan, Bayan Hargitsi, Ma'aikatar Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Sanya Dokokin Guguwar Jirage zuwa Kennedy, nytimes (4/30/2018) an lura cewa "Za a haramtawa kamfanonin jiragen sama aika jirage zuwa filin jirgin saman Kennedy a lokacin guguwar hunturu, kamar wanda ya haifar da hargitsi a can. a watan Janairu, sai dai idan sun sami tabbacin cewa za a samu kofofin a sauka. Canjin dai na daya daga cikin wasu da dama da hukumar kula da tashar jiragen ruwa ta New York da New Jersey ke shirin sanar a yau litinin don hana sake afkuwar cunkuson ababen hawa da ya sa daruruwan matafiya suka makale a cikin jirage na tsawon sa'o'i a karshen makon farko na shekarar 2018. Hukumar kuma za ta yi aiki tukuru. na bukatar ingantacciyar sarrafa kaya a Kennedy bayan da wasu matafiya ba su dawo da jakunkunansu na tsawon kwanaki ba biyo bayan guguwar, wadda masana yanayi suka yi wa lakabi da 'guguwar bam' wacce ta zubar da dusar kankara da yawa a Queens".

Amfanin Balaguro na Katin Kiredit

A cikin Majeski, Ladan Katin Kiredit na Balaguro 14 Ba za ku Iya Kulawa Don Kau da kai ba, moneytalksnews (4/26/2018) an lura da cewa “Ba wani asiri ba ne cewa ba da ladan katunan kuɗi yana ba da damar samun dunƙule cikin tsabar kuɗi da sauran abubuwan kyauta. Koyaya, katunan ladan balaguro suna ba da ƙarin fa'idodi waɗanda ba ku biya komai ba amma suna iya zama ƙimar dauri lokacin da kuke kan hanya…A nan akwai fa'idodin balaguro 14 waɗanda ba za ku iya gane suna da 'yanci tare da wasu katunan kuɗi ba”. Batutuwa sun haɗa da Sabis na Concierge, Kariyar Farashi, Inshorar Mota ta Hayar, Samun kulob ɗin falo, Rangwamen siyan cikin jirgi, Jakunkuna da aka bincika, Maida kuɗin da aka rasa, inshorar haɗarin balaguro, inshorar sokewar tafiya, ƙimar kuɗin jirgin sama, Shiga Duniya ko TSA PreChek credit, Balaguro da Taimakon Gaggawa, Taimakon Gefen Hanya da Maida Kuɗaɗen Tafiya.

Tafiya Kamar Tauraron Dutse

A cikin Glusac, Dubi abubuwan gani a Kudu maso Yamma da California Kamar Dutsen Star, nytimes (4/30/2018) an lura da cewa "Wani sabon kamfani na balaguro yana son kai ku zuwa balaguron waje na gaba a cikin bas ɗin yawon shakatawa cike da wuraren shakatawa- salon jin daɗi da abubuwan jin daɗin taurarin dutse. Irin bas-bas na yaudarar da ke da alaƙa da balaguron taurari za su fitar da sabon nau'in balaguron hanya tare da ƙaddamar da wannan kamfani na tafiye-tafiye Roadies. Motocin bas, waɗanda suka zo cikakke tare da wuraren kwana, falo, TVs masu fa'ida da shawa, za su jigilar matafiya 11 a kan titin kwana bakwai tsakanin San Diego da Las Vegas ta Los Angeles, Palm Springs, Joshua Tree National Park da Grand Grand. Canyon".

Hukuncin Dokar Balaguro Na Mako

A cikin shari'ar Thackurdeen Kotun ta lura cewa "Abubuwan da suka haifar da mutuwar Ravi sun faru ne a karshen zangon karatun Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya. A ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2012, an tafi da ɗaliban 'tafiya mai ban sha'awa' zuwa bakin teku a Playa Tortuga, Costa Rica. Dangane da korafin, rairayin bakin teku na Costa Rica sun cika da 'magudanar ruwa mai saurin kisa' kuma Playa Tortuga an san shi da 'magudanar ruwa mai haɗari mai haɗari kuma… yin iyo [can] bai dace ba'. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda yake da yawancin rairayin bakin teku na Costa Rica, babu masu ceto a bakin teku. Duke (Jami'a) da OTS (Organization of Tropical Studies) suna ɗaukar ɗaliban Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya zuwa Playa Tortuga tsawon shekaru uku kafin mutuwar Ravi, ɗaliban balaguron Ravi ba su da masaniya game da balaguron bakin teku kuma ba a ko'ina a cikin shirin. jadawali. Bugu da ari, an gaya wa daliban cewa "ba shi da lafiya a ninkaya" kuma an umurce su da su "yi iyo a layi daya da bakin teku" idan an kama su a cikin ruwa. Ravi da wani ɗalibi sun je yin iyo amma sai aka kama su a cikin ruwa kuma aka ja su zuwa teku. An kubutar da abokin karatunsa, amma an ja Ravi sama da yadi 300 daga bakin gaci, kuma, bayan ya taka ruwa na mintuna talatin, sai ya nutse."

Korafi

"Thackurdeens sun gabatar da matakin na yanzu suna mai tabbatar da da'awar guda uku a kan Duke da OTS: (1) sakaci, (2) mutuwar ba daidai ba dangane da sakaci da (3) da gangan na damuwa (da tabbatarwa) cewa Duke da OTS sun kasa yin amfani da hankali. shari'ar kuma sun keta aikinsu ga Ravi ta, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa: kai ɗalibai zuwa Playa Tortuga, rairayin bakin teku mai sananne ga rip igiyar ruwa, kasa yin bincike game da haɗari da matakan tsaro, kasawar gargaɗin ɗalibai game da haɗarin Playa Tortuga da yin iyo. a cikin teku, kasa neman masu ceto da kuma kasa ceto Ravi".

Waiver & Saki

"Duke da OTS na gaba suna jayayya cewa da'awar Thackurdeens na sakaci da kisa ba bisa ka'ida ba sun yi watsi da kwangilar Ravi da mahaifinsa kafin ya tafi Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya. Lokacin da aka karɓi Ravi zuwa Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya, shi da mahaifinsa sun sanya hannu kan 'Statement of izini da Yarjejeniyar Duke' ('Mun yarda cewa a wani bangare na la'akari da Jami'ar Duke da ke ɗaukar nauyin wannan aikin da ba wa ɗalibin damar shiga. Ba za mu yi ƙoƙari mu riƙe Jami'ar Duke ba… wanda ke da alhakin diyya ga duk wani rauni… ɗalibin zai iya ci gaba yayin da muke shiga kuma mun saki Jami'ar Duke…

S Yarjejeniyar Shiga-Costa Rica' ('OTS waiver')['Sakamakon (OTS) da Jami'ar Duke suna ba ni damar shiga wannan aikin…A. A nan na saki, daga hannu, sallamawa da kuma alkawarin ba zan shigar da kara (OTS) ba… don kowane alhaki, da'awar da/ko dalilin aiki… wanda na iya dawwama… Aiki…Ainihin niyyata ce wannan Sakin…zai ɗaure membobin iyalina… Zan ɗauka haɗarin rauni da lalacewa daga haɗari da lahani waɗanda ke cikin kowane aiki… Thackurdeens shine da'awarsu ba ta hana koyarwar ba. na watsi da saki saboda (1) ba za a iya fitar da iƙirari na babban sakaci ba a ƙarƙashin dokar North Carolina, (2) iƙirarin sun faɗi a waje da iyakar sakin kuma (3) sakin ya keta babbar fa'idar jama'a kuma, saboda haka, ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba” .

Babu Babban Sakaci

"Halin da ake zargi a cikin da'awar sakaci da kuma da'awar mutuwar ba daidai ba ya kai matakin babban sakaci a karkashin dokar North Carolina. Duk da zargin cewa Dukes da OTS's 'ayyukan da ƙetare sun kasance ... tsananin sakaci, ƙeta, son zuciya da / ko rashin kulawa ... Thackurdeens sun kasa zargin kowane takamaiman aiki da aka aikata 'da gangan' tare da 'rashin kula da lafiyar wasu… Duke da OTS duk da haka, yayin da waɗannan zarge-zargen na iya yin magana ga girman ko girman rashin kulawa, ba zargin cewa Duke ko OTS sun yi aiki tare da yanayin tunanin da ake buƙata don tallafawa da'awar. babban sakaci”.

Girman Waivers

"Thacurdeens suna jayayya cewa, [t] balaguron ban mamaki na bakin teku ya kasance aji na yau da kullun, lacca da aka tsara ko balaguron fili wanda ya saba da kwarewar ilimi. Don haka, wannan balaguron bakin teku baya faɗuwa cikin iyakokin 'shirin' kuma [wasanni] ba ya fitar da da'awar doka da ta taso daga gare ta'…Duke…Abin da Duke bai haɗa da farkon ko ƙarshen kwanakin Shirin Lafiya na Duniya ba, amma Ya haɗa da cewa ya ƙunshi Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya…Ma'anar 'shiri' na yau da kullun a cikin mahallin Duke waiver ya ƙunshi gabaɗayan Shirin Lafiya na Duniya. Yana yin la'akari da Shirin Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya gabaɗaya, shirin tsawon semester. Yin la'akari da zarge-zargen a cikin Kokawar tare da harshen Duke waiver, balaguron rairayin bakin teku yana cikin aikin da aka yi la'akari da shi…Haka yake da watsi da OTS (wanda) ya haɗa da tanadin sakin OTS don alhaki wanda 'ya faru a matsayin sakamakon…tafiya zuwa da daga, da kuma shiga cikin wannan aikin'”.

Babu cin zarafin Jama'a Mai Girma

"Thackurdeens sun yi iƙirarin cewa babbar fa'idar jama'a ta keɓanta ga cikakkiyar ingancin kwangilolin ɓatanci yana aiki a cikin wannan yanayin… Wani aiki yana shiga cikin babbar maslahar jama'a lokacin da aka tsara aikin sosai don kare jama'a daga haɗari, kuma hakan zai saba wa manufofin jama'a. ƙyale waɗanda ke yin irin wannan aikin su 'keɓe kansu daga aikin yin amfani da kulawa mai kyau'. Kotunan Arewacin Carolina sun sami aikin zubar da ciki, sabis na gashi da makarantar kayan kwalliyar ke yi da kuma darussan aminci na babur ayyuka ne da aka tsara sosai kuma, don haka, ke haifar da babbar fa'idar jama'a ban da… kamar tuki ko magungunan da ke haifar da ban sha'awa ga jama'a."

Kammalawa

'Masu karar' da'awar (1) sakaci da (2) mutuwar ba daidai ba an hana su ta hanyar Waiver da Saki. Tushen da gangan na da'awar damuwa a kan waɗanda ake tuhuma biyu ya rage. "

Marubucin, Thomas A. Dickerson, mai ritaya ne na Mataimakin Shari'a na Sashin daukaka kara, Sashe na biyu na Kotun Koli ta Jihar New York kuma ya yi rubutu game da Dokar Balaguro tsawon shekaru 42 gami da littattafan shari'ar da yake sabuntawa duk shekara, Law Law, Law Journal Press (2018), Tashin Jirgin Ruwa na Kasa da Kasa a Kotunan Amurka, Thomson Reuters WestLaw (2018), Ayyuka na Aji: Doka ta 50 Jihohi, Law Journal Press (2018) da sama da labarai na 500. Don ƙarin labarai na dokar tafiye-tafiye da ci gaba, musamman, a cikin ƙasashe membobin EU ku gani IFTTA.org.

Ba za a sake buga wannan labarin ba tare da izinin Thomas A. Dickerson ba.

Karanta da yawa daga Labarin Justice Dickerson anan.