'Yan tsibiri sun ba da fata don tsauraran matakan sauyin yanayi

COPENHAGEN - Yana bayyana "al'amari ne na rayuwa," daya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta al'ummomin duniya, yana magana game da tsibiran da ba su da ƙarfi a ko'ina, ta ɗauki ikon masana'antu da mai na duniya Laraba a taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya - kuma ta sha kashi.

“Madam shugaban kasa, duniya na kallonmu. Lokacin jinkiri ya wuce,” Ian Fry, wakilin jihar Tuvalu da ke tsakiyar yankin Pasifik, ya bayyana yayin da ya nemi cikakken taron da a kara tsaurara matakan dakile fitar da iskar gas fiye da yadda ake tunani.

Kin amincewar ya kwatanta rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin masu hannu da shuni da ya mamaye taron, lamarin da tuni ya sanya wasu tsibiran yin la'akari da ficewa idan matakin kasa da kasa kan sauyin yanayi ya gaza a karshe.

Musamman, Tuvalu ya nemi da a gyara yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta 1992 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don buƙatar rage yawan hayaki mai gurbata yanayi, fiye da yadda manyan ƙasashe ke la'akari.

Canjin ya zama dole kasashen duniya su ci gaba da dumamar yanayi - hauhawar yanayin zafi tare da tashin teku - zuwa ma'aunin Celsius 1.5 (digiri 2.7 Fahrenheit) sama da matakan masana'antu. Wannan shine kawai 0.75 digiri C (digiri 1.35 F) sama da karuwa zuwa wannan batu. Kasashe masu arziki suna neman yanke hayakin da zai takaita dumamar yanayi zuwa digiri 2 (digiri 3.6 F).

Har ila yau, da ta sanya ikon yin amfani da burbushin man fetur bisa doka ga Amurka da China, Indiya da sauran kasashe masu tasowa wadanda har yanzu ba su fuskanci irin wannan wajibcin ba.

Gambit na Tuvalu, wanda Grenada, Solomons da sauran jihohin tsibiran ke maraba da su daya bayan daya a kasan cibiyar Bella, cikin sauri ya fuskanci adawa mai tsanani daga katafaren mai na Saudiyya, wanda zai yi rauni sakamakon koma-bayan da ake yi na amfani da mai, kuma daga China. da Indiya. Tawagar Amurka ta yi shiru.

Connie Hedegaard, shugabar Danish na taron, ta ce shawarar da ta yanke game da kudurin zai kasance "mai matukar wahala kuma duk da haka kuma mai matukar sauki," tunda matakin da za a dauka don ci gaba da shawarwarin zai bukaci amincewar yarjejeniya. Ta ƙi mayar da shi zuwa ga “ƙungiyar tuntuɓar,” mataki na gaba a cikin aikin.

"Wannan batu ne na ɗabi'a," in ji Fry. "Bai kamata a sake kashe shi ba."

Daga baya Laraba, daruruwan matasa masu fafutukar sauyin yanayi na kasa da kasa, suna rera taken “Tuvalu! Tuvalu!" da kuma “Ku saurari tsibiran!” sun yi dafifi a kofar zauren taron yayin da Amurkawa da sauran wakilai suka shigar da kara domin yin wani zama na rana.

Babban baje kolin game da muhimman batutuwan ya zo ne a rana ta uku na taron makwanni biyu, wanda ake kyautata zaton ba zai samar da wata yarjejeniya ta siyasa kan rage hayaki mai gurbata muhalli ba - wacce ta wajaba ga kasashen masana'antu, masu son kai ga kasar Sin da sauran kasashe masu tasowa - da za a tsara su cikin tsari mai kyau. yarjejeniyar shekara mai zuwa.

Wannan ragi zai maye gurbin adadin da aka gindaya wa kasashe 37 masu arzikin masana'antu ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Kyoto ta 1997, wacce za ta kare a 2012. Amurka ta ki amincewa da yarjejeniyar Kyoto.

Karshen taron na Copenhagen na zuwa ne a karshen mako mai zuwa lokacin da shugaba Barack Obama da wasu shugabannin kasashe fiye da 100 za su hallara a babban birnin kasar Denmark a sa'o'i na karshe na tattaunawar da za ta yi tsami.

Kwamitin bincike na gwamnatoci kan sauyin yanayi, wata cibiyar kimiyya da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke daukar nauyinta, ta ce tekuna na karuwa da kusan milimita 3 (inci 0.12) a shekara. Mafi munin yanayin yanayinsa yana ganin tekunan suna tashi da aƙalla santimita 60 (ƙafa 2) da 2100, daga faɗaɗa zafi da kwararar ƙanƙaramar ƙasa. Masana kimiyya na Burtaniya sun lura cewa hayaki na yanzu ya yi daidai da mafi munin yanayin IPCC.

Irin wannan matakin hawan teku yana barazana ga al'ummomi a kan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar Tuvalu da Kiribati a cikin Pacific, da Maldives a cikin Tekun Indiya.

"Sittin santimita na iya haifar da gaske, da gaske babban bambanci a wuri kamar Kiribati," Masanin kula da bakin teku na Australiya Robert Kay ya fada a ranar Laraba a cikin gabatarwa a gefen taron Copenhagen. Kay ya nuna hasashe na tsawon lokaci na yadda tekun za ta cinye a kunkuntar - wani lokacin nisan mita 200 - tsibirai kamar Tarawa a Kiribati.

An riga an fara shi a Kiribati, inda mazauna tsibirin ke kokawa don ceton tituna, gidaje da gine-ginen jama'a daga ƙara yin barazanar "girgizar ruwa" kowane mako biyu. Rijiyoyinsu sun fara juyewa da ruwan teku. An yi watsi da wani ƙauye a cikin ruwa mai tsayi, in ji shugaban tawagar Kiribati, Betarim Rimon, ya shaida wa Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Associated Press.

Bayan shingen teku da sauran matakan gaggawa, in ji shi, shugabannin tsibirin suna da shirin "tsakanin wa'adi", don tattara yawan jama'arsu na 110,000 a kan tsibirai uku da za a gina sama da su tare da taimakon kasa da kasa. Mutane a yanzu suna rayuwa akan atolls 32 da suka bazu sama da miliyoyi murabba'in 2 na teku.

Sakatariyar harkokin wajen Kiribati, Tessie Lambourne, ta fadawa taron gefen taron cewa "Babu wanda ke cikin wannan dakin da zai so barin kasarsu ta haihuwa." “Haɗin mu ne na ruhaniya da kakanninmu. Ba ma son barin kasarmu ta haihuwa.”

Amma "idan dole ne mu tafi, ba ma son zuwa a matsayin 'yan gudun hijirar muhalli," in ji Lambourne, yayin da yake magana kan wani shiri na dogon lokaci na samun horar da mazauna Kiribati don yin hijira a matsayin ƙwararrun ma'aikata. Tare da taimakon Ostiraliya, 40 i-Kiribati, kamar yadda ake kiran su, ana karantar da su a matsayin ma'aikatan jinya kowace shekara a Australia.

Hakazalika, shugabannin Tuvalu, al’umma 10,000, suna sa ido ga nan gaba, suna neman izinin sake tsugunar da Tuvalu a Ostiraliya.

Greenpeace na daga cikin kungiyoyin kare muhalli da ke zanga-zangar kin amincewa da yunkurin Tuvalu na wani shiri mai cike da buri na rage hayaki.

Martin Kaiser na Greenpeace ya ce "Yarjejeniyar da doka ta amince da ita ce kawai za ta iya baiwa wadannan kasashe kwarin gwiwar cewa makomarsu ta tabbata."

Amma masana kimiyya sun ce hayakin carbon dioxide tuni “a cikin bututun” - sannu a hankali yana ɗumamar yanayi - yana ba da tabbacin cewa tsibiran da ke kwance da bakin teku, kamar na Bangladesh, za su fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa daga magudanar ruwa da kuma guguwa mai ƙarfi.

Hawan tekun na barazana ga teku a ko'ina amma, mazauna tsibirin sun yi nuni da cewa, gwamnatocin da ke da alhakin irin wadannan yankuna kamar tsibirin Lower Manhattan da Shanghai suna da kudi da albarkatun da za su kare su daga mummunan yanayi na dumamar yanayi.

Wani hangen nesa ya fito daga Fred Smith na Cibiyar Kasuwancin Gasa, wata cibiyar tunani ta kasuwa mai kyauta ta Washington wacce ta ce yunƙurin Amurka da na ƙasashen duniya don taƙaita yawan man fetur zai yi lahani ga tattalin arziki. Ya yi imanin arziƙin da aka rugujewa shine mafi kyawun tallafi ga tsibiran.

"Idan an mayar da hankali a cikin wannan karnin akan samar da dukiya, to, tsibiran za su kasance cikin shiri sosai don hadarin idan sun tabbata," in ji shi ta wayar tarho daga Washington.